{"id":"W2110174637","doi":"10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104951","title":"The Commodification of Language","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Anthropology","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":956,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Commodification; Modernity; Tourism; Ideology; Sociology; Capitalism; Salience (neuroscience); Commodity; Language ideology; Politics; Value (mathematics); Political economy; Linguistics; Political science; Economic system; Economy; Economics; Market economy; Psychology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00259075,0.0003597987,0.0004598701,0.00190069,0.002940857,0.009713865,0.0006372629,0.001185948,0.006705848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003138137,0.0002476615,0.0003293664,0.001571309,0.02658042,0.0107989,0.00650004,0.002254991,0.0006795553],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003253479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002069833,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003394361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003278806,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971864,0.001401919,0.0001372187,0.0004201317,0.0005075734,0.0003467935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99768,0.001239406,0.0002701649,0.0004371351,0.0002152045,0.0001581492],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002538444,0.000009562,0.0005839795,0.0001424199,0.00001116411,0.0002971271,0.02953107,0.00009853725,0.001120041,0.9339077,0.001441505,0.03283142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001512143,0.00008095516,0.00452623,0.001336996,0.00002913749,0.001538116,0.03325998,0.0003354239,0.001474828,0.4239856,0.5333702,0.00004735931],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.1717877,0.04825746,0.01316368,0.02607374,0.0007069341,0.0000424686,0.0001820148,0.00008591609,0.7397001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9469225,0.01962299,0.003598994,0.002542139,0.0008099089,0.000048037,0.00006570596,0.0001036677,0.02628605],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009713865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0236057,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0336046988318407,"score_gpt":0.5146484160506066,"score_spread":0.4810437172187659,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}