{"id":"W2110630679","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0020602","title":"Khat Use Is Associated with Impaired Working Memory and Cognitive Flexibility","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Khat; Cognitive flexibility; Flexibility (engineering); Cognition; Working memory; Ethnic group; Stroop effect; Executive functions; Psychology; Medicine; Psychiatry; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000675927,0.0002471263,0.0004733149,0.0001131689,0.0003316082,0.00001918713,0.0001199245,0.0004520097,0.002421602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000452778,0.0002172253,0.00007502187,0.00030104,0.0007506981,0.0001893914,0.00008473983,0.0007333289,0.00007670981],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004953708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000602088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005465578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002541682,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998088,0.0005383719,0.0002751941,0.0004612219,0.0001810282,0.0004561918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983473,0.0008423299,0.0001818615,0.0001962404,0.0001868698,0.000245331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003312082,0.007048069,0.9553385,0.000061957,0.0108905,0.0002353653,0.01101976,0.000003868356,0.004598087,0.0002098694,0.0007021797,0.006579712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01045432,0.001716886,0.5491728,0.0005956588,0.01750598,0.00003520785,0.002256759,0.005848113,0.4081691,0.00243641,0.0002212685,0.001587424],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938979,0.0003317793,0.00001790317,0.0002136314,0.00007197486,0.0003574385,0.00006606741,0.0001603314,0.004882952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944031,0.000071782,0.0003606574,0.003024166,0.00005597853,0.00004236902,0.00003358359,0.00002470645,0.001983652],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4061657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.304826858154947,"score_gpt":0.3653316930756336,"score_spread":0.06050483492068653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}