{"id":"W2110787312","doi":"10.1109/tpwrs.2005.857011","title":"Unit Commitment With Primary Frequency Regulation Constraints","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems","topic":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":197,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Power system simulation; Scheduling (production processes); Frequency regulation; Automatic frequency control; Contingency; Control theory (sociology); Unit (ring theory); Electric power system; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Operations research; Engineering; Operations management; Power (physics); Mathematics; Control (management); Telecommunications; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002542713,0.0003872424,0.0004195439,0.0002721354,0.0001490088,0.0001027192,0.0002401925,0.0001901453,0.0002643608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001300255,0.0003550946,0.0001036942,0.0003186509,0.0001276019,0.0004024305,4.992389e-7,0.0003565314,0.0004517076],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005473045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006510174,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006309401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009522493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997999,0.0001082609,0.0006191286,0.0003363611,0.0004944373,0.0004427718],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988267,0.0000936866,0.00009004425,0.0006950281,0.0001206806,0.000173903],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007729727,0.0003332545,0.000195528,0.0003888533,0.0008688368,0.00004772302,0.001604272,0.9673539,0.01809997,0.002283396,0.003627757,0.00511925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03340935,0.005395281,0.008684669,0.0082591,0.001662131,0.004782029,0.004328832,0.4317772,0.08847664,0.000333408,0.399615,0.01327625],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.008305647,0.0007668631,0.9178098,0.0001044624,0.00408213,0.001093716,0.000106453,0.001062916,0.06666796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974637,0.00001654408,0.0007186859,0.00006674234,0.00006400928,0.0002768884,0.000009562282,0.0000989786,0.001284895],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.989158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998901,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01058297570497701,"score_gpt":0.2003909528053372,"score_spread":0.1898079771003602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}