{"id":"W2110787312","doi":"10.1109/tpwrs.2005.857011","title":"Unit Commitment With Primary Frequency Regulation Constraints","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems","topic":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":197,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Power system simulation; Scheduling (production processes); Frequency regulation; Automatic frequency control; Contingency; Control theory (sociology); Unit (ring theory); Electric power system; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Operations research; Engineering; Operations management; Power (physics); Mathematics; Control (management); Telecommunications; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001282923,0.00118627,0.001877233,0.0002990476,0.0004268271,0.001507079,0.00178904,0.001837125,0.007978644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00330819,0.0006018193,0.0007787124,0.001465319,0.0005270668,0.001418769,0.001184133,0.0018554,0.001102026],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005730035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001305458,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001777462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00174212,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985954,0.0005928729,0.00005024941,0.0002759662,0.0002775212,0.00020799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987668,0.0006862272,0.0001714418,0.0001508333,0.0001381355,0.0000866042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005880445,0.00004285665,0.0001725316,0.0001023009,0.00004346787,0.0002234313,0.00004237602,0.9055156,0.0009588181,0.06962909,0.003267328,0.01994351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000387583,0.00006615224,0.0001063288,0.00001214385,0.00001456754,0.0000818657,0.00002180333,0.9633231,0.0004675392,0.0326014,0.003253889,0.00001241372],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01586986,0.0006354464,0.9638018,0.0006195863,0.0001801515,0.0001163051,0.0003065685,0.000195628,0.01827474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.791534,0.001127132,0.1778787,0.0003946368,0.0004252747,0.0003940734,0.0004107524,0.0001565404,0.02767882],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007978644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02669126,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01058297570497701,"score_gpt":0.2003909528053372,"score_spread":0.1898079771003602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}