{"id":"W2110881563","doi":"10.2469/dig.v39.n2.31","title":"Estimating Operational Risk for Hedge Funds: The ω-Score","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"CFA Digest","topic":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"St. Stephen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Hedge fund; Leverage (statistics); Volatility (finance); Business; Operational risk; Actuarial science; Finance; Econometrics; Economics; Risk management; Statistics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003243106,0.0001079474,0.000166167,0.0000416872,0.000385142,0.0001793497,0.0001784467,0.00003982445,0.00009328576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002262324,0.000088532,0.00008092265,0.00008954699,0.00005077253,0.000233718,0.00001475055,0.00008757749,0.0001097781],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003112879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002257476,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005544299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001065612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992339,0.000006387206,0.0003081139,0.0002218832,0.00002241942,0.0002072749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995062,0.0000757883,0.0001658581,0.0001937778,0.00002497905,0.00003340064],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009800501,0.00004149264,0.0171858,0.000006693248,0.00000943088,3.868758e-7,0.0001666354,0.0003953278,0.000007387667,0.9730697,0.006757603,0.002349694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005084599,0.0002026605,0.4513004,0.00001948735,0.000007849718,0.000002273981,0.00005635916,0.0150261,0.00004187791,0.3736241,0.1589278,0.000282708],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6673298,0.003960078,0.01924106,0.009675388,0.001966206,0.00118609,0.0007023624,0.0001307513,0.2958082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941387,0.00006561785,0.002943898,0.001284085,0.0004780071,0.00004927296,0.00004130772,0.00001103807,0.0009880327],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5994457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.361023,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0441743466720914,"score_gpt":0.2359375176487626,"score_spread":0.1917631709766712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}