{"id":"W2111053507","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2377106","title":"Powerful Independent Directors","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Credibility; Business; Shareholder; Accounting; Shareholder value; Accountability; Earnings; Value (mathematics); Centrality; Cash flow; Corporate governance; Free cash flow; Power (physics); Finance; Political science; Computer science; Statistics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002454188,0.0005198769,0.0004571642,0.00170728,0.003413984,0.00495736,0.0006699159,0.00143392,0.04361179],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007103939,0.000425786,0.000348098,0.0007965565,0.004116144,0.003155495,0.003437349,0.00295637,0.007481551],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001602024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00181182,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001251528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00329251,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981432,0.0003737395,0.00003963113,0.00040624,0.0005627788,0.0004744354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964921,0.000815434,0.0003552425,0.0007950133,0.0006084724,0.0009338255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004086075,0.00003292331,0.002437194,0.00003267277,0.00001949511,0.0001971903,0.001217634,0.0001609534,0.0004442109,0.874373,0.0841036,0.03694022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004177659,0.00005797882,0.006172258,0.00009602675,0.0000484046,0.0004136964,0.001282459,0.0006498899,0.001071644,0.2603855,0.7297435,0.00003679627],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02303172,0.001271881,0.005363966,0.01157742,0.0007059248,0.0000394307,0.0001101426,0.0001328769,0.9577665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4453633,0.001116292,0.001734762,0.005132786,0.001084844,0.00006649086,0.0001426271,0.00007457475,0.5452844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04361179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.145896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005868445341505755,"score_gpt":0.1905119811601466,"score_spread":0.1846435358186408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}