{"id":"W2111694290","doi":"10.5194/bg-8-165-2011","title":"Twentieth century <i>δ</i> <sup>13</sup> C variability in surface water dissolved inorganic carbon recorded by coralline algae in the northern North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Upwelling; Seawater; δ13C; Oceanography; Dissolved organic carbon; Geology; Calcite; Water mass; Archipelago; Mineralogy; Stable isotope ratio","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002622824,0.000207285,0.0002609547,0.00005204072,0.0002106972,0.0001325048,0.0006324283,0.00006189597,0.0001490739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006155833,0.00009688234,0.0000458088,0.0005869774,0.0003886291,0.0002302013,0.00007462407,0.0002158448,0.00001148947],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006984127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004215628,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1791509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2652344,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977184,0.0005547341,0.0003952535,0.000477772,0.0003407589,0.0005130603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992104,0.0002609315,0.00009013047,0.0003238211,0.0000276369,0.00008713635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006171205,0.00003766582,0.9933127,0.00001438584,0.000003443403,0.00000477563,0.004032281,0.00004126478,0.00001563345,0.000003867028,0.00002649858,0.00244582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007074673,0.0001422592,0.9628948,0.00001884214,0.00001446721,0.00001143435,0.005458976,0.02780686,0.00009102124,0.000337268,0.002203137,0.0003134847],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953896,0.000270853,0.000003625197,0.0003202003,0.0002240048,0.0004408101,0.00009294056,0.00002161095,0.003236336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994249,0.0002510569,0.00002137597,0.00009575932,0.00003123478,0.000002312292,0.00009463747,0.000003883958,0.00007479932],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08608354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8263152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009697438452766128,"score_gpt":0.1679334582250981,"score_spread":0.158236019772332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}