{"id":"W2112775309","doi":"10.1002/aic.13891","title":"Mixing induced by buoyancy‐driven flows in porous media","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIChE Journal","topic":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western Canada Research Grid; Compute Canada","keywords":"Mechanics; Buoyancy; Laminar flow; Mixing (physics); Steady state (chemistry); Porous medium; Flow (mathematics); Dispersion (optics); Transient (computer programming); Convection; Thermodynamics; Physics; Materials science; Porosity; Chemistry; Optics; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004181845,0.00009621374,0.0001180473,0.00003718259,0.0001294402,0.00003233695,0.0001465244,0.0000491368,0.0009639849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005305787,0.00007852906,0.00003167851,0.0001288135,0.0000267498,0.0004731597,0.00009846259,0.0002456739,0.0003623619],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001659731,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005159829,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001180962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002148423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990098,0.00006520958,0.0002106255,0.00009399747,0.0002808258,0.0003394642],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999671,0.00004894068,0.00007106051,0.00007781665,0.000007066095,0.0001240722],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007401888,0.0001337464,0.8498945,0.000001769999,0.00001911245,0.00001414071,0.007980501,0.00002139706,0.07078874,0.00001027497,0.01231352,0.05881489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005557378,0.00003649666,0.9675579,0.00002002253,0.00001512556,0.00009169286,0.001039207,0.00006988688,0.002714488,0.00005876845,0.02761939,0.0002212899],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965098,0.000309,0.0007518316,0.0004222574,0.000411621,0.00004334903,0.000001053189,0.00001047013,0.001540602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998544,0.00004070558,0.0004133298,0.0002759706,0.0001631487,0.000004630831,0.000001349291,0.000008496033,0.0005483041],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1176634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999493,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01677676402785091,"score_gpt":0.2321132318326763,"score_spread":0.2153364678048254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}