{"id":"W2112817613","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v7n10p31","title":"When Do Firms Issue New Equity? Evidence from the UK","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Initial public offering; Adverse selection; Equity (law); Stock (firearms); Economics; Business; Stock market; Monetary economics; Stock exchange; Financial economics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001103045,0.0001812533,0.0002619884,0.00155829,0.0002868461,0.00151822,0.0004311272,0.0007274002,0.005727503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01352877,0.0001903943,0.0002374672,0.002843645,0.0006970044,0.001627207,0.001253522,0.0004878606,0.0010703],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008941232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005481241,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05563503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06162189,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983819,0.0003509106,0.0002400541,0.0003186259,0.0004612377,0.0002473607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.970589,0.009128127,0.01622558,0.001018682,0.00213029,0.0009082733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007147162,0.0001101884,0.9173211,0.0006883959,0.0001881775,0.001392428,0.003795933,0.0003850323,0.0004251214,0.002630016,0.01301784,0.05933103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000290734,0.00006546203,0.980831,0.0002913671,0.00005809811,0.0002658296,0.002348423,0.0001738921,0.0002492139,0.0002821864,0.0153886,0.00001679883],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9527703,0.01242349,0.0002825687,0.003811533,0.00007634695,0.00003774654,0.0032483,0.000009698941,0.02734002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9870232,0.007772242,0.0000710766,0.0006894768,0.00009784233,0.00001106221,0.001386625,0.000006685959,0.00294164],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05563503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1106224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0599770154560338,"score_gpt":0.2597181532970657,"score_spread":0.1997411378410319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}