{"id":"W2112847438","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.005624","title":"Atmospheric refraction: a history","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Historical Geography and Cartography","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Refraction; Greeks; Ptolemy's table of chords; Atmospheric refraction; Atmosphere (unit); Kepler; Geology; Physics; Optics; Astronomy; Ancient history; History; Meteorology; Classics; Stars","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009295611,0.0005561747,0.0003644947,0.002660088,0.003171311,0.003811806,0.0006067077,0.001989277,0.006550802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002603151,0.0002979017,0.0002247988,0.002974932,0.00792135,0.005507338,0.002888801,0.003951321,0.001798609],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002568352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001587023,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00768489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005754463,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999244,0.000194536,0.00005949517,0.0001779633,0.0002482131,0.00007585537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989723,0.0004791871,0.0001046926,0.0001063927,0.0002464116,0.00009107836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008581168,0.00006063641,0.002286656,0.001038833,0.00002950325,0.0003379023,0.00746022,0.00070355,0.0009741702,0.5867988,0.06187693,0.338347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000312933,0.00001923118,0.0009778284,0.000522976,0.000006300511,0.0002233256,0.0004789311,0.00008477323,0.0001873696,0.0429191,0.9545621,0.00001488293],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.008560137,0.6789895,0.005640519,0.02941352,0.007788417,0.00004384215,0.0003190155,0.0001179562,0.269127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.247362,0.6435218,0.006196395,0.0103151,0.02464754,0.00006853644,0.0004090135,0.0002233357,0.0672563],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00768489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0219146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01351269677683099,"score_gpt":0.237845144839939,"score_spread":0.224332448063108,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}