{"id":"W2113021934","doi":"10.20343/teachlearninqu.3.1.63","title":"Threshold Concepts in the Development of Problem-solving Skills","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Teaching & Learning Inquiry The ISSOTL Journal","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"University of Lethbridge","keywords":"Mathematics education; Key (lock); Component (thermodynamics); Problem-based learning; Psychology; Development (topology); Computer science; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02117066,0.0001252116,0.0001759408,0.00009749048,0.001835679,0.0002781168,0.0008304655,0.00007488281,0.00007615219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002431555,0.00006730635,0.00006076374,0.0002389586,0.0003827784,0.0002174445,0.00008092981,0.001757728,0.00002831162],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002887097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001137245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000710413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008319547,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959441,0.001890947,0.0005565167,0.0001437484,0.001034424,0.0004302638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986502,0.0006410783,0.0002656222,0.0001404934,0.0001585346,0.0001440499],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006843168,0.000129014,0.01653605,0.00000504285,0.00001829674,0.000004134085,0.9414434,0.0004171586,0.0000271281,0.02026625,0.001615464,0.01953121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005236276,0.00006574045,0.01458829,0.0004298432,0.00001818734,0.00004187203,0.6304218,0.00004311483,0.00004351172,0.01957536,0.3339884,0.0002602508],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9383295,0.0002569374,0.002492434,0.01835966,0.001122499,0.0002596861,9.198525e-8,0.00006272131,0.03911652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877393,0.00001901844,0.009680458,0.0007638403,0.0005077443,0.000007670003,0.000001024611,0.00001268798,0.001268285],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3323729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07915551103958723,"score_gpt":0.4000875654983599,"score_spread":0.3209320544587727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}