{"id":"W2113295783","doi":"10.1109/ic2e.2014.38","title":"Towards Mitigation of Low and Slow Application DDoS Attacks","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Denial-of-service attack; Computer science; Hacker; Architecture; Computer security; Service (business); Server; Computer network; Reference architecture; Software architecture; Distributed computing; Software; Operating system; The Internet","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00130672,0.0006659958,0.0004760643,0.0009661189,0.0005107601,0.00136322,0.001442663,0.0008520883,0.001150937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001505264,0.0003039916,0.0003175945,0.0003977394,0.0006032038,0.001750483,0.001620572,0.001098556,0.0007676624],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004541516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009708197,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000829243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009634083,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999201,0.0001472287,0.00003628902,0.0001320958,0.000340875,0.0001424967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985059,0.0001688542,0.0001419853,0.0004475513,0.0006213036,0.0001142772],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004786183,0.0004467351,0.005052609,0.0006116991,0.0001484507,0.000341591,0.0006591995,0.1029245,0.2912317,0.107732,0.007912824,0.4824601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009375487,0.001403581,0.004235385,0.0001699244,0.000211659,0.0006797905,0.0006562709,0.6926885,0.1877924,0.04214872,0.0698389,0.00008118785],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1582414,0.003442663,0.8176237,0.001420664,0.0002135232,0.0001560204,0.00005031778,0.003995049,0.01485671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8274007,0.001538101,0.1636234,0.0002646094,0.00008168819,0.00008026542,0.0001292492,0.000134042,0.006747887],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001442663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006910741,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005089728697192523,"score_gpt":0.2164095639508631,"score_spread":0.2113198352536706,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}