{"id":"W2113828865","doi":"10.1017/s0022050707000010","title":"The Engine or the Caboose? Resource Industries and Twentieth-Century Canadian Economic Performance","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Economic History","topic":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Endowment; Per capita; Resource (disambiguation); Economics; Natural resource; Capital (architecture); Production (economics); Per capita income; Industrial production; Economy; Geography; Macroeconomics; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005374994,0.0002223199,0.0002309209,0.001452529,0.0024238,0.003173333,0.0005645644,0.0006137128,0.006335943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002743679,0.00009407868,0.0001864324,0.002974191,0.002237161,0.001482833,0.0006704639,0.0008602558,0.0003190144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03649959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03511178,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9934899,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9956096,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996276,0.0000177835,0.000006970578,0.00002781403,0.00008376593,0.0002360633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990456,0.00009248069,0.00014823,0.00002489739,0.0003935183,0.0002952377],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002804591,0.00006365948,0.4423349,0.0003104458,0.0001005965,0.0005563095,0.01086357,0.002843442,0.0005289243,0.3129585,0.08426049,0.1448986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002086023,0.00002400022,0.7498965,0.0005098055,0.00009308504,0.0001528418,0.01843642,0.00196513,0.0004000528,0.02096507,0.2074518,0.000084457],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6369166,0.03957761,0.0006845695,0.09125074,0.0003729028,0.00002844281,0.00340461,0.00006148893,0.227703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9788543,0.007954484,0.0002260013,0.0008374919,0.00007955069,0.000002848268,0.0003622615,0.00001181944,0.01167127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03649959,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2648243,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02320368081797671,"score_gpt":0.1871625054743849,"score_spread":0.1639588246564082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}