{"id":"W2113938475","doi":"10.1124/mol.111.072314","title":"Valproic Acid Increases Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Induces Apoptosis in Postimplantation Embryos: A Role for Oxidative Stress in Valproic Acid-Induced Neural Tube Defects","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Molecular Pharmacology","topic":"Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":195,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species; Catalase; Apoptosis; In vivo; Neural tube; Antioxidant; Valproic Acid; Nitrotyrosine; Biology; Embryogenesis; Developmental toxicity; Chemistry; Embryo; Pharmacology; Biochemistry; Cell biology; Fetus; Pregnancy; Genetics; Epilepsy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000249604,0.0004444827,0.0003230737,0.000528103,0.0002828063,0.0002617245,0.0002660281,0.0004377323,0.001287554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002504371,0.0002950854,0.0003911311,0.000237285,0.0002909845,0.0003467751,0.0001862403,0.0007191275,0.0001426674],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003613873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002604001,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007362629,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001006874,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999804,0.00005430036,0.00002865442,0.00003415809,0.00004428748,0.0000346959],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997874,0.00004814493,0.00007006495,0.00002755029,0.00002837895,0.00003843294],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007069949,0.00004501117,0.0004163473,0.00004991109,0.00001918666,0.000225319,0.00002496556,0.00004273941,0.9966407,0.00008318241,0.00002269882,0.001722948],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002457151,0.000573453,0.005031432,0.00000529332,0.00002930578,0.0003447259,0.00003377868,0.0001554173,0.9931592,0.00004422206,0.0005953362,0.000003171596],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990471,0.005775883,0.002034492,0.0001751707,0.00004771013,0.000028862,0.0002344727,0.00004567932,0.00118662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930565,0.003061581,0.001623304,0.00007684957,0.00001892516,0.00003316894,0.0003126521,0.00001198613,0.001804955],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001287554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00430727,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03887395336170191,"score_gpt":0.3118359227894528,"score_spread":0.2729619694277509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}