{"id":"W2114023688","doi":"10.1139/s03-072","title":"Air flow in sanitary sewer conduits due to wastewater drag: a computational fluid dynamics approach","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","topic":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Drag; Turbulence modeling; Laminar flow; Flow (mathematics); Electrical conduit; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Mixing length model; Computational fluid dynamics; K-epsilon turbulence model; Pipe flow; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Engineering; Physics; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002280605,0.0005436339,0.0005821793,0.0004509537,0.000642304,0.001008108,0.0005144378,0.001336624,0.0007653207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009792205,0.0003607408,0.0006265204,0.0002559113,0.0009275855,0.000635636,0.0005866681,0.0005656185,0.0001275873],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005794817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001032224,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01003429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004035219,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998959,0.00003448298,0.000005667134,0.00001886523,0.00002858925,0.00001633993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997312,0.000171693,0.00002653036,0.00001350084,0.00003823444,0.00001875196],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003022172,0.00003096664,0.001205985,0.00003702903,0.00001014722,0.0001011614,0.0000628273,0.9834273,0.005729345,0.00355301,0.00010707,0.005704921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000577432,0.000008243108,0.0001431282,0.000002680713,0.0000020483,0.000007848963,0.000007898877,0.9986237,0.0006051245,0.0004515888,0.0001392834,0.000002570538],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5615571,0.0006303818,0.4298206,0.0004669673,0.0001308957,0.0001287705,0.0001278825,0.0003286132,0.006808868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9666508,0.0004626354,0.02941137,0.00003861478,0.00005299536,0.0001374334,0.00007476995,0.00004874467,0.003122628],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01003429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01995176,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003909520830866457,"score_gpt":0.1707667166373638,"score_spread":0.1668571958064974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}