{"id":"W2114158349","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.709402","title":"Network Externalities and Technology Adoption: Lessons from Electronic Payments","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Digital Platforms and Economics","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Network effect; Payment; Business; Externality; Industrial organization; Telecommunications; Economics; Commerce; Finance; Microeconomics; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003943685,0.0001873227,0.0002081951,0.000167079,0.0003097547,0.0007212699,0.000255824,0.0001004513,0.0002161145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001731899,0.0001716491,0.00005785954,0.0002285958,0.00005960993,0.002562232,0.0001150345,0.0009373183,0.0002438329],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002770748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000801683,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001138566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008426796,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973332,0.000001618087,0.0002776983,0.0002251446,0.0001192731,0.002043079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995534,0.00001550705,0.0002236451,0.0001427382,0.00004720488,0.0000174585],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001758309,0.00003771727,0.007822996,0.000005149296,0.0001174422,0.000003824244,0.00001090184,0.00005049599,0.0000115833,0.9345549,0.0008262739,0.05654109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005278434,0.00004230301,0.0004173232,0.00002453785,0.00004025392,0.00008067334,0.001046903,0.0008255629,0.000001930309,0.9694379,0.02733587,0.000218932],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9806789,0.007827406,0.0006129155,0.002791064,0.0002748861,0.00008693596,0.000001401658,0.00009021885,0.007636286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920147,0.003864286,0.00002322527,0.0006746742,0.001784001,0.000005522137,0.000008970886,0.00002816309,0.001596432],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05632215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6999646,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01430335292855237,"score_gpt":0.1959210083185698,"score_spread":0.1816176553900175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}