{"id":"W2114259120","doi":"10.1109/isre.2001.948597","title":"Geographic problem frames","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Specifier; Set (abstract data type); Geographic information system; Theoretical computer science; Geography; Artificial intelligence; Programming language; Cartography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004625253,0.001791287,0.001211854,0.003419235,0.003999661,0.00812192,0.003387479,0.003972719,0.0359442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01082044,0.0008883656,0.001801448,0.005189317,0.004049698,0.01051528,0.00534114,0.004215852,0.006441791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00450799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005706629,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01610983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0123714,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959139,0.001611885,0.0004554317,0.0007967066,0.0008231496,0.0003988931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995754,0.001526587,0.0004432588,0.0006264884,0.001255942,0.0003936812],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001762466,0.00002698645,0.000176204,0.0001584122,0.000009341978,0.00009639817,0.0004546304,0.005546258,0.0001567603,0.943028,0.01830401,0.03202541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002738212,0.00003425635,0.0002089141,0.0002847133,0.00001867779,0.0001970443,0.0009520832,0.01102761,0.0004600879,0.4767779,0.5099745,0.00003682148],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005161229,0.003711348,0.810354,0.01488526,0.001224357,0.001170838,0.002753611,0.0008906866,0.1598487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1006941,0.006814372,0.8246883,0.002040653,0.000932753,0.001898332,0.004781637,0.0004414624,0.05770845],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0359442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1202453,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01231557919871636,"score_gpt":0.1994246917995088,"score_spread":0.1871091126007925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}