{"id":"W2114281822","doi":"10.1007/s10699-012-9315-6","title":"The Epistemological Functions of Symbolization in Leibniz’s Universal Characteristic","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations of Science","topic":"Historical Philosophy and Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft","keywords":"Substitution (logic); Epistemology; Philosophy of science; Focus (optics); Perception; Structuring; Process (computing); Philosophy; Mathematics; Cognitive science; Computer science; Psychology; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005277214,0.00003549007,0.00006202405,0.0001096313,0.0007224694,0.00003178386,0.0002591801,0.00001062851,0.0001555457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002932101,0.00002405396,0.00001967266,0.0003204003,0.003416928,0.0006261994,0.00003233924,0.00004558038,0.00002659375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006159858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007818332,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006698143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005204659,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993761,0.00002391611,0.0001752491,0.00007941321,0.0002044921,0.0001408942],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994726,0.0001248562,0.00008162524,0.0001266474,0.0001559682,0.00003825874],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002896364,0.00006056928,0.002829649,0.000002765876,6.327715e-7,3.80321e-8,0.004644882,0.00001041083,0.0006401002,0.9913471,0.00005100248,0.0004098993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005611601,0.0004987475,0.5603509,0.00009747933,0.00004540402,0.000007834018,0.01818996,0.00218949,0.0006665178,0.06355581,0.3532995,0.0005372636],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8481326,0.00006682491,0.001269236,0.0009698099,0.001957023,0.0001572396,0.00001689595,0.00001945765,0.1474109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987167,0.000004211292,0.00005368927,0.00001188496,0.00007131769,0.000002942671,0.000001893399,0.000001122342,0.001136202],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9277914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05679886843877152,"score_gpt":0.2543049414762603,"score_spread":0.1975060730374887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}