{"id":"W2114324071","doi":"10.7202/1014742ar","title":"Evaluating the Prevalence and Distribution of Quasi-formal Employment in Europe","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Relations industrielles","topic":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Salary; Eurobarometer; Informal sector; Wage; Earnings; Labour economics; Business; Demographic economics; European union; Economics; Economic growth; Market economy; Accounting; Economic policy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004343397,0.000182561,0.0003869824,0.002570702,0.0004148372,0.00193075,0.0008126957,0.0006002929,0.002565564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008968583,0.0001701764,0.0003966003,0.002729087,0.001124453,0.001239197,0.001922368,0.0004216318,0.000286507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000446593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003785192,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005229637,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005054094,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966897,0.00110604,0.0004899383,0.0007000068,0.0005603025,0.0004538976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9915187,0.002762033,0.003569324,0.0006655214,0.0008090686,0.0006752885],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001232639,0.00003569801,0.9806272,0.00009761083,0.00009039958,0.0001597652,0.00256851,0.0002215862,0.0002271518,0.001453414,0.0004171619,0.01397813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003363935,0.00004239024,0.9916946,0.0001143724,0.00001369641,0.0002715423,0.005395129,0.0002224611,0.00007858982,0.0002989444,0.00185654,0.000008309376],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954283,0.001176182,0.0005422167,0.0001621779,0.00001706651,0.00001176268,0.0004393118,0.000005337905,0.002217544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987277,0.0003912321,0.0001933538,0.00003882325,0.000009258128,0.000008214615,0.0004139139,0.00000427225,0.0002131698],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005229637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02297032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09301047817154326,"score_gpt":0.2842953198746674,"score_spread":0.1912848417031242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}