{"id":"W2115028338","doi":"10.1353/pbm.0.0080","title":"Iconoclast or Creed?: Objectivism, Pragmatism, and the Hierarchy of Evidence","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Perspectives in biology and medicine","topic":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Objectivism; Epistemology; Pragmatism; Creed; Positivism; Focus (optics); Hierarchy; Sociology; Philosophy; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.04717364,0.0001587113,0.002062377,0.0002838937,0.00008306531,0.00002871607,0.0004593928,0.00007179254,0.0009344209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06943111,0.00004491627,0.0001386101,0.000647131,0.001540111,0.000110232,0.00006494388,0.0001680163,0.000008657286],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001387047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003422859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006156357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007899335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9913938,0.005011964,0.002344508,0.0005758828,0.0005272493,0.0001465751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.985479,0.01218662,0.001136607,0.0008399267,0.0002955792,0.0000622778],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008221139,0.0001069444,0.1012125,0.00005782975,0.0002542251,0.00001021874,0.06282801,0.000003005247,0.001547959,0.6766403,0.003521085,0.1529958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002325946,0.001054966,0.6009255,0.0003909364,0.0001900747,0.0001186707,0.03577443,0.001647578,0.00002863034,0.3525751,0.004802929,0.0001652141],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8032351,0.09474348,0.008994219,0.07366001,0.000234757,0.001488947,0.000005266461,0.000007359618,0.0176309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943734,0.003222998,0.0006252737,0.0004300022,0.00006840956,0.00001204942,3.565546e-7,0.000001990255,0.001265534],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.499713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999788,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.7236211716613192,"score_gpt":0.593860524135838,"score_spread":0.1297606475254812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}