{"id":"W2115068566","doi":"10.1017/s0954394505050015","title":"The ain't constraint: Not-contraction in early African American English","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Variation and Change","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Contraction (grammar); American English; Negation; Ain't; Linguistics; History; Humanities; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001101015,0.0001172804,0.0002624867,0.0003990365,0.002189673,0.00134989,0.0002319275,0.0004110906,0.001733666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004703622,0.0003016217,0.00009658455,0.0005676383,0.002832043,0.001603655,0.001101699,0.001001074,0.00008805949],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00105159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000786952,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01302793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03672088,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994574,0.0002586276,0.00003818389,0.00007478167,0.0000993423,0.0000716899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997846,0.001391285,0.0003014852,0.0001029023,0.0002562774,0.0001019942],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001327786,0.0001641293,0.1611448,0.0005215637,0.00005911754,0.004206464,0.4466825,0.000631525,0.07955739,0.2141838,0.001542888,0.089978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007710909,0.0001934529,0.7729124,0.0002642784,0.00007746745,0.002933262,0.1229056,0.003037033,0.01122039,0.04395935,0.04228501,0.0001345614],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9841314,0.0003470972,0.0008865031,0.0003385312,0.000006987135,0.00000733936,0.00002155912,0.00000360234,0.01425703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991867,0.00010282,0.0002734326,0.00002603992,0.000003376464,0.000003760164,0.0000131395,0.000005417487,0.0003852793],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01302793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02590424,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01906557381317961,"score_gpt":0.2898671610377093,"score_spread":0.2708015872245297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}