{"id":"W2115433267","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.112.131101","title":"Constraints on Cosmic Strings from the LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Detectors","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; Perimeter Institute; University of Toronto","funders":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Australian Research Council; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Industry Canada; Govern de les Illes Balears; Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej; National Science Foundation; Royal Society; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; Scottish Funding Council; Institut des Origines de Lyon; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Research Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund; Leverhulme Trust; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; David and Lucile Packard Foundation","keywords":"Cosmic string; Physics; LIGO; Gravitational wave; Cosmic microwave background; COSMIC cancer database; String (physics); Astrophysics; Astronomy; Gravitational-wave observatory; Pulsar; Theoretical physics; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001681792,0.0001614644,0.0002486777,0.00001312044,0.0001408866,0.00002554877,0.0001609971,0.000007074933,0.0002099698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000649608,0.0001109943,0.0001797738,0.0001076681,0.0002644641,0.00005417042,0.00002659739,0.0002191102,0.0003704256],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001155317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001354654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002843413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.934617e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990544,0.0002052785,0.0001773206,0.0002266423,0.000161578,0.0001747246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998108,0.00144291,0.000118064,0.0002457785,0.00003154927,0.00005366257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002980511,0.0001781488,0.008903475,0.00007473084,0.000243619,0.000001831401,0.0006083113,0.00005343069,0.004530397,0.8285666,0.02213866,0.134671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007875258,0.0001140151,0.06635669,0.001001606,0.0002785021,8.985269e-7,0.0001056617,0.0001113412,0.002372542,0.8976457,0.03065864,0.0005668442],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.975006,0.0003363209,0.005182405,0.01767942,0.000215396,0.0003991199,0.0001192501,0.00003677437,0.001025276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9769405,0.00000953598,0.0001111925,0.02236616,0.0004055471,0.00005038116,0.00009282619,0.00001126359,0.00001257482],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1341042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4761195,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01319567981783621,"score_gpt":0.2654658442089737,"score_spread":0.2522701643911375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}