{"id":"W2115809595","doi":"10.1109/jlt.2007.915214","title":"Assessment of Rational Approximations for Square Root Operator in Bidirectional Beam Propagation Method","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","topic":"Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Square root; Beam (structure); Operator (biology); Square (algebra); Mathematics; Root (linguistics); Computer science; Applied mathematics; Electronic engineering; Physics; Optics; Engineering; Geometry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000386164,0.00008636113,0.0002638321,0.0006413196,0.00004156214,0.000004018784,0.00009670112,0.0001324431,0.00004861586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000215196,0.00007704544,0.00007058322,0.0005801722,0.00003921955,0.00009738941,0.000008540938,0.0002169574,4.814905e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001080133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001067512,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.693203e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000250777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990169,0.00004624192,0.0005717732,0.00007900541,0.0001689245,0.0001171952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991965,0.0002266092,0.0001665862,0.00007984202,0.0003007284,0.00002969457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007414526,0.0005737848,0.0274747,0.0001841603,0.0001990803,0.00001445172,0.0002457455,0.1562527,0.7498521,0.04631007,0.0008517287,0.01796743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00312681,0.001864092,0.1313094,0.0001010147,0.00005148617,0.0006384134,0.0000857337,0.3858738,0.4551334,0.01633729,0.005130806,0.0003476867],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3290177,0.0001472874,0.6696059,0.000517256,0.0001476765,0.000195956,0.000004290875,0.00004229964,0.0003217289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6149017,0.00001298924,0.384974,0.000009319894,0.00004451954,0.00002338168,0.000002561325,0.000009091844,0.0000225214],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2947186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3141822,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01838391450187539,"score_gpt":0.3221262674392389,"score_spread":0.3037423529373635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}