{"id":"W2117053683","doi":"10.1115/1.4006015","title":"Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Spray Formed Copper and Nickel Foam Heat Exchanger Tubes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Heat transfer coefficient; Heat transfer; Nusselt number; Composite material; Metal foam; Prandtl number; Convective heat transfer; Thermodynamics; Pressure drop; Heat exchanger; Copper; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Porosity; Metallurgy; Turbulence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007050536,0.0003936028,0.0007105435,0.0004158363,0.00007417862,0.0000430692,0.0001427821,0.0003153975,0.0002154934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001206449,0.0003328719,0.0002490797,0.0002487753,0.00008298719,0.001001377,0.000004740109,0.0007042956,0.00001384163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001687892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005019845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005173797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000220606,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976002,0.00008571492,0.0008738877,0.000178794,0.0004300175,0.000831393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991143,0.0001450763,0.000001453855,0.0001695123,0.00008207819,0.0004875256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000842857,0.000488794,0.02499291,0.001239173,0.0004792273,0.0001102724,0.01886242,0.001479509,0.9423505,0.0005017514,0.003408568,0.005244021],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01798033,0.001705893,0.04209368,0.001226726,0.0007191426,0.002347536,0.00208496,0.002366488,0.8910257,0.000168035,0.03626113,0.002020378],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9738093,0.005907523,0.01598328,0.0005735279,0.001959066,0.0004065514,0.00001774776,0.00007648445,0.001266493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959904,0.002891995,0.0001028197,0.0002458137,0.0006073453,0.00002711041,0.000006731758,0.0000919554,0.00003585191],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0513248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999123,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01615122483110425,"score_gpt":0.2307966837097934,"score_spread":0.2146454588786891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}