{"id":"W2117071631","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-5982.2009.01527.x","title":"Heterogeneity, returns to scale, and collective action","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Public good; Returns to scale; Economics; Valuation (finance); Inequality; Microeconomics; Production (economics); Collective action; Econometrics; Resource (disambiguation); Distribution (mathematics); Production function; Public economics; Mathematics; Finance; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003462599,0.0003641885,0.0007174778,0.001052957,0.0006349794,0.002083184,0.0007073261,0.0007128124,0.006630056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01452414,0.0001710345,0.0006096161,0.00095074,0.003083166,0.001956549,0.001569689,0.0007622612,0.0002592803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001957285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004079016,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002897698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00158074,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983896,0.000716322,0.00005026627,0.0001856484,0.000241384,0.0004168174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9733537,0.01730035,0.00644234,0.001555604,0.0006065168,0.0007414328],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007874693,0.0006598381,0.1007664,0.0002316659,0.0006391979,0.0008270408,0.0009115358,0.2957619,0.003497394,0.5637593,0.002246701,0.02991151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002220132,0.0006676557,0.1224503,0.0001072084,0.0002079662,0.000218338,0.002053315,0.2234443,0.00150038,0.6464121,0.002622763,0.00009374451],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9548184,0.0005457271,0.02258087,0.001571611,0.00001780464,0.00004345929,0.0001244408,0.00002816543,0.02026956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99931,0.00005252781,0.0002143536,0.00001681928,0.00001134567,0.000007494237,0.000007778503,0.000001432253,0.0003782215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006630056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02217978,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1615508028955432,"score_gpt":0.2040124516535531,"score_spread":0.04246164875800992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}