{"id":"W2117587407","doi":"10.1007/s12155-014-9574-x","title":"Effects of Biochar on Yield, Nutrient Recovery, and Soil Properties in a Canola (Brassica napus L)-Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) Rotation Grown under Controlled Environmental Conditions","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BioEnergy Research","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan","keywords":"Biochar; Chernozem; Agronomy; Canola; Charcoal; Soil water; Slash-and-char; Straw; Chemistry; Crop rotation; Environmental science; Pyrolysis; Crop; Biology; Soil science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003991576,0.0001213631,0.0002256465,0.00008067525,0.0001108731,0.00003474438,0.0001176587,0.000115422,0.00001881991],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000253088,0.00005285174,0.0000550178,0.0002669433,0.0002613696,0.00007165698,0.0000758541,0.0001555538,0.000008976897],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001308941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003715538,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002455268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001851771,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984404,0.0003173299,0.0001973233,0.0002655684,0.0004675938,0.000311755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991619,0.0005163593,0.00004393021,0.0000549076,0.00006368405,0.0001592352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001052672,0.0006114155,0.004681934,0.00001900043,0.00002691438,0.000014625,0.00008185535,0.0000708384,0.990697,0.001191426,0.0001684804,0.00138386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008170879,0.006936111,0.125558,0.0003709184,0.00003544675,0.00002274651,0.003079315,0.003822918,0.8474757,0.003651906,0.0003210275,0.0005549905],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99757,0.0007175693,7.345146e-7,0.0009193939,0.00007175664,0.0004460721,0.00002973614,0.00001529163,0.0002294899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991241,0.0002065347,0.000004169451,0.00008048908,0.00006197776,0.0001765138,0.00004264969,0.000002033634,0.000301564],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1432213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3711647,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04706170674410959,"score_gpt":0.2596941869068439,"score_spread":0.2126324801627343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}