{"id":"W2117737759","doi":"10.2166/wst.2004.0829","title":"Modelling a spatially heterogeneous biofilm and the bulk fluid: selected results from Benchmark Problem 2 (BM2)","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Benchmark (surveying); Partial differential equation; Computation; Curse of dimensionality; Nonlinear system; Mathematical optimization; Boundary value problem; Applied mathematics; Flow (mathematics); Computer science; Dimensionality reduction; Range (aeronautics); Mass transfer; Mathematics; Statistical physics; Mechanics; Algorithm; Physics; Engineering; Mathematical analysis; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008061412,0.001049133,0.0011348,0.0007297227,0.0004733708,0.0009474484,0.000764071,0.001694529,0.002025999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003006373,0.000217253,0.0007318123,0.000928338,0.0006290876,0.000658996,0.0007878142,0.0007489481,0.0001963803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007084628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000697678,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01990157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008918875,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999674,0.0001120013,0.0000173237,0.00004109208,0.00007745801,0.00007826426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981719,0.001225636,0.0001549045,0.000120984,0.0002248216,0.0001017849],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001821547,0.0002549619,0.002129252,0.0002887637,0.0000547864,0.0001167025,0.00005080985,0.9822443,0.004023553,0.003089933,0.00175185,0.005812967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002547356,0.00009365439,0.0009023434,0.00001176723,0.000009624393,0.00002084845,0.00003873308,0.9948092,0.00202756,0.001630542,0.0004219429,0.000008292901],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9426938,0.002401892,0.03304895,0.0009030267,0.0001034737,0.00007720046,0.001779102,0.000497468,0.01849508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.974922,0.0004930649,0.01977368,0.0001138832,0.00003245018,0.00009763612,0.001754631,0.000103958,0.00270879],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01990157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03957146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01238673640467651,"score_gpt":0.2099247641922632,"score_spread":0.1975380277875867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}