{"id":"W2117931838","doi":"10.3390/ijms9071342","title":"Third Generation Biofuels via Direct Cellulose Fermentation","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":342,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; BIOCAP Canada","keywords":"Biofuel; Cellulosic ethanol; Bioprocess; Raw material; Fermentation; Cellulase; Cellulose; Pulp and paper industry; Biochemical engineering; Metabolic engineering; Hydrolysis; Chemistry; Biotechnology; Food science; Biochemistry; Engineering; Biology; Chemical engineering; Enzyme; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002256078,0.00006396979,0.00006876975,0.0001940353,0.00005574435,0.00004281923,0.0002372301,0.00002620228,0.0000523723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001446393,0.00005304326,0.0000675536,0.0001291901,0.0000901332,0.0003243689,0.00001445991,0.00007159072,0.0000202108],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005265784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003053133,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006211143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.954281e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991081,0.00002481336,0.0002141248,0.00008455683,0.0004931683,0.000075243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996634,0.000005935514,0.00008241245,0.00003912226,0.0001685784,0.0000405937],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005494331,0.00002213893,0.0006005402,0.000003219187,0.00002955984,0.00003711075,0.0001572045,0.004893659,0.9900357,0.00003742875,0.001403845,0.002774172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002371685,0.00007055791,0.001282622,0.000009989726,0.000006760161,0.0003978758,0.00003833161,0.01245085,0.9812784,0.0001934278,0.003939732,0.0000943249],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9794689,0.0005827821,0.0149847,0.0006667338,0.002611526,0.00003578227,0.00000112375,0.00002504861,0.001623399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961678,0.0002373045,0.003039248,0.0001946456,0.000291046,5.626489e-7,0.000002385164,0.000004080212,0.00006290925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01669891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2163041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02086626090413646,"score_gpt":0.2459775895577059,"score_spread":0.2251113286535694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}