{"id":"W2117956010","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00816.x","title":"Clarity in Defining Product Design: Inspiring Research Opportunities for the Design Process<sup>*</sup>","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Product Innovation Management","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"CLARITY; Product (mathematics); Product design; Macro; Process (computing); Process management; Design review (U.S. government); New product development; Research design; Business; Computer science; Design process; Knowledge management; Marketing; Sociology; Product testing; Work in process","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01371293,0.0001479631,0.0001733691,0.0008708696,0.0001769645,0.0001122511,0.0003976752,0.00003626891,0.00004930653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009260025,0.0001093523,0.00002944977,0.001740368,0.00004259578,0.0008312577,0.000034949,0.0005644377,0.000007102945],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001544931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001451261,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003815366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.134887e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979553,0.0002772416,0.0007891029,0.0001837177,0.000484443,0.0003101889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978881,0.0003815256,0.0002661914,0.000268078,0.001161739,0.00003429032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009366912,0.0007725467,0.0009557378,0.00171085,0.0006900478,0.00007113018,0.02115165,0.2795407,0.001499751,0.05090423,0.06852385,0.5732428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00566153,0.002051155,0.03859557,0.001822304,0.0006570937,0.0003831005,0.09944474,0.1090525,0.07759816,0.07665936,0.5855786,0.00249592],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07586347,0.003028345,0.8793699,0.01605346,0.00213929,0.006754007,0.000004843349,0.0002325775,0.0165541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9305265,0.0003752097,0.06783498,0.000222789,0.0003445612,0.0002089749,0.000003764001,0.00003187549,0.0004513586],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.854663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4752654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5044861945715764,"score_gpt":0.3968780067120216,"score_spread":0.1076081878595548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}