{"id":"W2118402430","doi":"10.1109/cdc.1994.411006","title":"Necessary conditions for bilevel dynamic optimization problems","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Optimization and Variational Analysis","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Bilevel optimization; Mathematical optimization; Constraint (computer-aided design); Optimization problem; Variable (mathematics); Bellman equation; Mathematics; Hierarchy; Upper and lower bounds; Optimal control; Control variable; Perturbation (astronomy); Function (biology); Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004040911,0.001885782,0.001690693,0.003189882,0.001572631,0.003952284,0.001683147,0.00329065,0.02045683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01976116,0.001354755,0.002411476,0.001646311,0.003885707,0.005698967,0.003917463,0.004649078,0.002866835],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00202769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003020435,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002371414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002056723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997017,0.0008631099,0.000234414,0.0004464786,0.0009690768,0.0004698431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9932379,0.004102255,0.0005951151,0.0003193092,0.001413007,0.0003323959],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002432943,0.00003194746,0.0001704561,0.0001835006,0.00002568471,0.0001840965,0.0001409061,0.0319772,0.0009928587,0.9549619,0.004157073,0.007149925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002500387,0.00003931759,0.0002038804,0.0001451688,0.00001337846,0.0001260589,0.0001108693,0.1715364,0.001001024,0.818515,0.008253407,0.00003058368],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01615259,0.001800686,0.8954615,0.003554324,0.0003905686,0.0002111727,0.000550579,0.0002792301,0.08159943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6925084,0.00654457,0.2649936,0.001598599,0.001005398,0.001267814,0.001712647,0.0007494133,0.0296195],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02045683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06843489,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02478046474156733,"score_gpt":0.2488650738844654,"score_spread":0.224084609142898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}