{"id":"W2118450246","doi":"10.1109/tuffc.2006.1610561","title":"Transit-time broadening in pulsed Doppler ultrasound: a generalized amplitude modulation model","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"The Wilson Centre; Illumisonics (Canada); University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Doppler broadening; Doppler effect; Amplitude; Optics; Bandwidth (computing); Beam (structure); Physics; Modulation (music); SIGNAL (programming language); Flow (mathematics); Amplitude modulation; Frequency modulation; Computational physics; Spectral line; Acoustics; Mechanics; Telecommunications; Engineering; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006861257,0.000770726,0.0005265167,0.000635753,0.0002367677,0.0005662976,0.001521183,0.001335564,0.0009719099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002033555,0.0003660319,0.0006273662,0.0006276219,0.0008647142,0.001775158,0.0005646303,0.000901714,0.000450315],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007089282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004979396,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002449963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001031674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997253,0.00005801292,0.00001310451,0.00005425271,0.0001078954,0.00004145273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994068,0.0002915372,0.00008495421,0.00006117611,0.0001210579,0.00003449972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001827194,0.00007596443,0.0007796932,0.0001501589,0.00002568274,0.000645452,0.0004099317,0.8513182,0.05656353,0.07094015,0.0006468027,0.01826172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005161708,0.00001840698,0.00006236612,0.000002033298,0.000003628066,0.00002867024,0.000003874171,0.996148,0.0008087783,0.002723166,0.0001914338,0.000004470598],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07139169,0.0006689654,0.9233868,0.0002653832,0.00006099628,0.00007874108,0.00009106684,0.0003271034,0.003729288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9253878,0.001567355,0.0627282,0.0002369489,0.0001114553,0.0002341343,0.0001801267,0.0001704711,0.009383509],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002449963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005143642,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005557275969043919,"score_gpt":0.1846993167489404,"score_spread":0.1791420407798965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}