{"id":"W2119103520","doi":"10.1177/0163278702238054","title":"A Signal Detection Theory Analysis of the Placebo Effect","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","topic":"Pain Management and Placebo Effect","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Placebo; Detection theory; Placebo response; Psychology; Medicine; Computer science; Alternative medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02526054,0.0001240883,0.0002147768,0.0002201573,0.001242024,0.00001805409,0.0003517331,0.00005421731,0.001404394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004104517,0.00006217928,0.0001889962,0.002053984,0.0001085076,0.00008830559,0.00009262085,0.0003077866,0.00008548943],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001070674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006412953,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001863152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005794569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9658037,0.03251348,0.000335971,0.0002604538,0.0008233586,0.0002630162],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9904423,0.008534139,0.0003992452,0.0005190855,0.00005294888,0.00005225239],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001218246,0.0006075523,0.01105995,0.0004403206,0.0007538564,0.000001188513,0.02415222,0.02872009,0.09553571,0.008364186,0.01868363,0.8104631],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009664292,0.0002047334,0.02155037,0.0001004878,0.001004728,8.267576e-7,0.0002818481,0.9605556,0.01223264,0.001855268,0.00111664,0.0001304837],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8949475,0.0007286171,0.04329368,0.02837561,0.002605011,0.01516476,0.00003786741,0.0002653381,0.01458165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959263,0.00002490021,0.000007631084,0.001821576,0.00004484367,0.0003659267,0.000002430553,0.000009267717,0.001797075],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9318355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995084,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1063051789484242,"score_gpt":0.3885802900338601,"score_spread":0.2822751110854359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}