{"id":"W2119951153","doi":"10.3386/w14273","title":"Racial Discrimination and Competition","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Merger and Competition Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Harvard University; Brown University","keywords":"Competition (biology); Wage; Deregulation; Labour economics; Economics; Quarter (Canadian coin); Prejudice (legal term); Business; Market economy; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003322171,0.0001847224,0.0006722289,0.001687332,0.000204889,0.00006631156,0.0002665009,0.0002978024,0.002883815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006425222,0.0002301894,0.0002210397,0.0002320377,0.0002959358,0.0002070448,0.0001178748,0.0004549055,0.0006493105],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009938725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006338767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001497983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002406692,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975427,0.00007034397,0.001092745,0.0005945883,0.0004293832,0.000270276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997943,0.0002591079,0.0005900693,0.0002498612,0.0008543255,0.000103618],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001497536,0.00007054747,0.002159951,0.0001126364,0.0001324055,0.000001683307,0.0001189884,0.0000453016,0.000006344896,0.9764227,0.02038933,0.000525128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004859332,0.00009928324,0.007524556,0.00007649965,0.00001369208,0.00002673321,0.00006432992,0.001267533,0.00003118204,0.8275192,0.1625309,0.000360196],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005062948,0.0028498,0.0001228368,0.0007842554,0.0005465438,0.0002625554,0.0004893396,0.00001598124,0.9898657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9685077,0.01472304,0.0001567046,0.00002892798,0.0008729724,0.00006914606,0.001404964,0.0000358648,0.01420065],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9756651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980277,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3736866199160838,"score_gpt":0.4616053736426088,"score_spread":0.08791875372652502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}