{"id":"W2120061415","doi":"10.1002/app.42336","title":"Characterization of four different lignins as a first step toward the identification of suitable end‐use applications","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Lignin; Lignosulfonates; Kraft paper; Sulfite; Kraft process; Chemistry; Organosolv; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Nuclear chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Organic chemistry; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000284029,0.0004005116,0.0001688974,0.0006467187,0.0001998621,0.0003200489,0.0001788142,0.0002895681,0.001145022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000307761,0.00009264269,0.000224935,0.0005600349,0.000146014,0.0003685097,0.0001568467,0.0003415766,0.0002586618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001768777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002018629,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005493687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001309877,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998195,0.00002149038,0.00001373998,0.00002836795,0.00007927466,0.00003773168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999853,0.00002343634,0.00003369488,0.000009395538,0.00006346863,0.00001701721],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002013598,0.00001426917,0.000630445,0.00007044674,0.000003562518,0.00002681753,0.00001806555,0.00007379545,0.995453,0.0000630561,0.00001813707,0.003608138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001233596,0.0001412971,0.005035751,0.000009728187,0.00001242824,0.00005497451,0.00006531903,0.0004987553,0.9922545,0.00004156637,0.001881005,0.000003441781],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9862229,0.001515412,0.01004531,0.00003629921,0.00001193381,0.00004315915,0.0003431796,0.0000447092,0.001737028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864817,0.0007606138,0.009987478,0.00003928351,0.000005428013,0.00003395393,0.0003773381,0.00002288577,0.0022914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001145022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003830552,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01886163120859279,"score_gpt":0.2196806255684139,"score_spread":0.2008189943598211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}