{"id":"W2120183203","doi":"10.22004/ag.econ.25297","title":"The Effects of Trade Liberalization of the Environment: An Empirical Study","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","topic":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Pollution haven hypothesis; Openness to experience; Panel data; Economics; Pollutant; International economics; Environmental degradation; Environmental quality; Natural resource economics; Foreign direct investment; Macroeconomics; Econometrics; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001533284,0.0003206163,0.0004839574,0.001323822,0.0008073505,0.001939468,0.0004883052,0.001208193,0.009422251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005870273,0.000220865,0.0009115817,0.002300483,0.001165958,0.001686256,0.001559819,0.001925567,0.0007911058],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007715494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004532088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005864727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006582182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992709,0.0003279959,0.000046875,0.00009015406,0.00007467544,0.0001893234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9779168,0.01508462,0.004868343,0.000757177,0.0003980742,0.0009748294],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000867081,0.003114581,0.945674,0.0003230801,0.0004797049,0.002045421,0.001126102,0.00799923,0.0008051093,0.008319978,0.002828245,0.02641748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001457916,0.0008464154,0.9671879,0.0001834616,0.0003749947,0.0007563595,0.006627982,0.01190996,0.0007971062,0.004958052,0.006173918,0.00003810175],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953665,0.0007252481,0.0001871534,0.0004853691,0.000007632026,0.00001246416,0.0002759235,0.000007160672,0.002932635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974385,0.0008804869,0.0001128086,0.0001275698,0.00004265403,0.00001310525,0.0004403747,0.00000424656,0.0009401498],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009422251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03152055,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02695795432074323,"score_gpt":0.2152094313224809,"score_spread":0.1882514770017377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}