{"id":"W2120393838","doi":"10.1109/tia.2007.908188","title":"Attrition of the Charge on a Carrier Moving Through a Gas","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Suncor Energy Incorporated","keywords":"Triboelectric effect; Faraday cup; Charge (physics); Ambipolar diffusion; Charge carrier; Faraday cage; Materials science; Plasma; Atomic physics; Chemistry; Ion; Optoelectronics; Magnetic field; Composite material; Physics; Nuclear physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001819322,0.0001577246,0.0001678813,0.0002297055,0.0003405902,0.0003146854,0.0003166602,0.0001973697,0.001927606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004761063,0.0000739887,0.0001037407,0.00017195,0.0003447901,0.0003868916,0.0002602556,0.0002295531,0.0001836993],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002844618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001529612,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00129594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008224287,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998975,0.000009167136,0.000002055653,0.0000220985,0.0000369664,0.00003230835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997501,0.0001084169,0.00002887802,0.00002851086,0.00005545306,0.00002871924],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004540705,0.0000367152,0.003336181,0.00004025593,0.000008221979,0.0002858051,0.0001875843,0.0002488067,0.9862967,0.0003821315,0.00009672898,0.008626819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001904131,0.001100786,0.01974586,0.000006092722,0.00001825778,0.0004029587,0.0002427295,0.005059677,0.9721509,0.0001086552,0.001133452,0.00001165197],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986192,0.0000755201,0.0007357479,0.00001144605,0.000005304695,0.000004543421,0.00001957571,0.00001175175,0.000516896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983178,0.00005211259,0.0005329962,0.000008622298,0.000003650144,0.000003160558,0.00004939161,0.000005381944,0.00102686],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001927606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006448507,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01563606117118137,"score_gpt":0.2548842028255097,"score_spread":0.2392481416543283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}