{"id":"W2120979891","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00429.x","title":"Taxing the Informal Economy: Challenges, Possibilities and Remaining Questions*","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IDS Working Papers","topic":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Global Affairs Canada; Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Public economics; Revenue; Informal sector; Corporate governance; Tax revenue; Government (linguistics); Business; Politics; Economics; Market economy; Finance; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002590502,0.0001039469,0.00016735,0.00006226017,0.0003401925,0.0001574556,0.0001157185,0.00004029747,0.0001693498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007664489,0.00009083297,0.00004336865,0.00007122184,0.0001114896,0.0001751232,0.00006821911,0.000115428,0.0001940322],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000323613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000815907,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001321836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006433582,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992778,0.000009501819,0.0002893158,0.0001951907,0.00001695469,0.0002111771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995018,0.00008465941,0.0001767846,0.0001859209,0.00001395143,0.00003687415],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004030462,0.00001086506,0.1139976,0.00003011699,0.00007181075,4.785858e-7,0.0101184,0.00004375514,0.000002906173,0.7969689,0.000398271,0.07835284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002983095,0.00004077403,0.4692709,0.00008400274,0.000004352527,0.000006165291,0.009534835,0.0004658693,0.000002598468,0.04832758,0.4716461,0.0003185851],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09788074,0.01581532,0.00006184615,0.007605975,0.0003554454,0.0002165145,0.000002733627,0.0000896593,0.8779718],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954026,0.001174848,0.0003297522,0.0006467121,0.0001186927,0.00006726622,9.955656e-7,0.000009774426,0.002249317],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8975219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3704061,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04697402535287296,"score_gpt":0.2127947859153815,"score_spread":0.1658207605625086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}