{"id":"W2121033220","doi":"10.1002/wcc.121","title":"Use of models in detection and attribution of climate change","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":352,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Climate change; Transient climate simulation; Climate model; Radiative forcing; Climatology; Environmental science; Robustness (evolution); Forcing (mathematics); Downscaling; Computer science; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001075511,0.0002515673,0.0006277138,0.0001254738,0.00008385071,0.000009313178,0.0001789875,0.0001423623,0.0004446554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002009365,0.0002186512,0.0001445656,0.000346907,0.0002463573,0.001346661,0.001378129,0.0001492148,0.00003896893],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001170479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001620615,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004023122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000947874,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997888,0.0001867061,0.0008757286,0.0004555598,0.0001671534,0.00042685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989576,0.00004828584,0.0004359695,0.0004451901,0.00001847261,0.00009447942],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001504436,0.002584064,0.3061925,0.005872915,0.00003971988,0.00002921814,0.09797403,0.00011906,0.02639579,0.002691974,0.00007775635,0.5565185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003229749,0.004149428,0.7751262,0.01706899,0.0005620736,0.0001617322,0.002458285,0.1601816,0.007911282,0.02231498,0.003941427,0.002894202],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942348,0.001860515,0.0002983394,0.00007685361,0.0001755613,0.001683081,0.0002248901,0.00003003311,0.001415942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.926917,0.07196323,0.0006009129,0.00005984213,0.0000309909,0.0003786354,0.00002517098,0.00002059173,0.000003609787],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5536243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8916335,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2345790980521361,"score_gpt":0.3189466474089965,"score_spread":0.08436754935686042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}