{"id":"W2121033220","doi":"10.1002/wcc.121","title":"Use of models in detection and attribution of climate change","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":352,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Climate change; Transient climate simulation; Climate model; Radiative forcing; Climatology; Environmental science; Robustness (evolution); Forcing (mathematics); Downscaling; Computer science; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0129702,0.001563186,0.001231714,0.003650192,0.0004445373,0.004740408,0.002412932,0.001446182,0.00269232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04346951,0.0007480333,0.002206753,0.003132554,0.001377482,0.004540298,0.002602231,0.00164873,0.0005858087],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00231969,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00135767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008846473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002932945,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934116,0.003952976,0.0003167248,0.001248058,0.0008959271,0.000174668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9587932,0.029863,0.00357302,0.005185997,0.00223419,0.0003506279],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003273494,0.00008682934,0.05241093,0.0007982286,0.001705511,0.0001161967,0.0002082127,0.8272666,0.0009114484,0.03044772,0.00292593,0.08279505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002992732,0.00005213322,0.009218043,0.0002431185,0.0002049587,0.00004744413,0.00006329694,0.9371739,0.001464793,0.04725291,0.004168954,0.00008056667],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2081132,0.01224724,0.7370386,0.006343587,0.0009931935,0.0002737097,0.005249573,0.005055948,0.024685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9416397,0.003032554,0.05201206,0.0002287391,0.0002174868,0.0001336393,0.001523433,0.0003420332,0.0008704507],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0129702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06859374,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2345790980521361,"score_gpt":0.3189466474089965,"score_spread":0.08436754935686042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}