{"id":"W2122948181","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2013.00427.x","title":"Taxation and Development: What Have We Learned from Fifty Years of Research?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IDS Working Papers","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Developing country; International taxation; Economics; Public economics; Politics; Double taxation; Tax reform; Sustainable development; Element (criminal law); Personal income; Macroeconomics; Economic growth; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004115496,0.0000824166,0.0002117986,0.0001798681,0.00009492446,0.0001509355,0.0001368528,0.0001009462,0.0003541029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001322013,0.00010227,0.00003285591,0.0001016678,0.0001188132,0.0002535024,0.00007702011,0.0001562851,0.0005268635],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006317333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001433048,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007962381,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006692694,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990391,0.00001937332,0.0003594423,0.0002890005,0.00003582214,0.0002572373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993588,0.0001589084,0.0002262332,0.0001737564,0.00001147776,0.00007084126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000312765,0.00006236058,0.2547417,0.00005394019,0.0001467468,0.000002005771,0.01483965,0.00002969025,0.0003089116,0.03296589,0.001471539,0.6953463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007516216,0.00004454174,0.604404,0.0002284719,0.000002895516,7.279729e-7,0.00242362,0.0005068889,0.0004501889,0.1454735,0.2453571,0.0003564727],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9410051,0.002619789,0.00001546843,0.001675154,0.0002290851,0.0001598416,0.000007596959,0.00002186556,0.05426613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975504,0.0007583094,0.0007729886,0.000144961,0.000095973,0.00001917417,0.00001094473,0.00001594457,0.0006313005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6949898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.677194,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1295785765732574,"score_gpt":0.2681502835177477,"score_spread":0.1385717069444903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}