{"id":"W2123012719","doi":"10.1177/026553220101800302","title":"Examining dialogue: another approach to content specification and to validating inferences drawn from test scores","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Testing","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Construct (python library); Psychology; Test (biology); Sociocultural evolution; Point (geometry); Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Content (measure theory); Mathematics education; Inference; Construct validity; Linguistics; Natural language processing; Social psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Psychometrics; Developmental psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000356283,0.0001473481,0.0001675434,0.00009360186,0.0005268126,0.000680113,0.0001330382,0.00002768943,0.0001709287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002197814,0.0001272882,0.00001556453,0.00007850124,0.00005963792,0.0001397787,0.00007019342,0.0001813371,0.00005379833],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001953491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001280019,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006368421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006014605,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990053,0.00007466658,0.0002211531,0.0003156986,0.0001430903,0.0002401453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998731,0.000869108,0.00009656652,0.0001709535,0.00005267454,0.00007975198],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009034814,0.00008175262,0.3287088,0.00002462453,0.00001838361,0.00001513893,0.5310782,0.0001536866,0.0258181,0.002228043,0.00021681,0.1116474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001411497,0.0009103002,0.4466537,0.001995737,0.0001279567,0.00004309851,0.5033068,0.007240548,0.002041281,0.0005905167,0.03346477,0.002213776],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9266044,0.0001622523,0.001301419,0.00009141493,0.00008273293,0.0001555744,0.00001115817,0.0002283933,0.07136269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9839895,8.609571e-7,0.01264573,0.0004961099,0.0009940148,0.00002227285,0.00003100993,0.00002753582,0.001792926],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.117945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9627189,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2440808435611483,"score_gpt":0.2751833738551075,"score_spread":0.03110253029395921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}