{"id":"W2123095825","doi":"10.1023/a:1013816320290","title":"The second deficit: An investigation of the independence of phonological and naming-speed deficits in developmental dyslexia","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Reading and Writing","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":298,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Dyslexia; Psycholinguistics; Reading disability; Developmental psychology; Independence (probability theory); Word recognition; Cognitive psychology; Reading (process); Cognition; Linguistics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006806802,0.00009948709,0.0001522801,0.00006530564,0.0001855003,0.00003394172,0.0001202291,0.00009429654,0.00003031167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007672453,0.00006521383,0.00001669686,0.0001768209,0.0001829108,0.00007909393,0.00005822842,0.000200178,0.000001802337],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002565774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001360927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006966662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004655122,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989379,0.0001414589,0.0003829891,0.0002104599,0.0001280181,0.0001991468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999312,0.0003470473,0.0001580821,0.0001095199,0.00003312368,0.00004026543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001611736,0.00002820131,0.9186967,0.00004433435,0.00001891473,0.000004287642,0.02210474,0.000002655558,0.009292843,0.005141323,0.00003174273,0.04461814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000466779,0.00005783395,0.9852099,0.0003039637,0.000006586398,0.000132929,0.008326496,0.000728164,0.003853474,0.000638275,0.000130229,0.0001453919],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953037,0.0005729953,0.000006173732,0.00008248832,0.00006808456,0.0001031228,0.000002732607,0.00001183832,0.003848861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990243,0.0000289477,0.0004644818,0.00004628117,0.00001357764,0.000005496483,0.000001311052,0.000007241593,0.0004083772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06651317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2659343,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04342417948824376,"score_gpt":0.2776144652767517,"score_spread":0.2341902857885079,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}