{"id":"W2123328807","doi":"10.1002/hec.718","title":"Double discounting of QALYs","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Economics","topic":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"St. Joseph's Hospital; McMaster University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Discounting; Preference; Context (archaeology); Time preference; Econometrics; Quality-adjusted life year; Economics; Mathematics; Statistics; Microeconomics; Cost effectiveness","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.009380191,0.0002243689,0.001416796,0.0003619127,0.0002383224,0.0000607525,0.000351887,0.0001406305,0.001763545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004161401,0.0003137838,0.000183264,0.0001726006,0.00009367183,0.0006034393,0.00006847383,0.0002195566,0.003477393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007330244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001531766,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00205401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003824916,"domain_scores_codex":[0.992609,0.0001175721,0.005965256,0.0006068616,0.00004801175,0.0006533306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9941941,0.0004198604,0.004320236,0.0007293581,0.00004216228,0.000294216],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002931854,0.0003444087,0.06746446,0.001579183,0.0001434857,6.182368e-7,0.007423354,0.00135594,0.000001292995,0.8330985,0.08636207,0.002197344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00540968,0.0003698595,0.01624038,0.000255485,0.00001323901,0.00002539581,0.00262354,0.09101476,0.00003698781,0.03248383,0.8501478,0.001379],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7322506,0.01596872,0.0027592,0.1610517,0.0027543,0.002040438,0.0007231921,0.0001973634,0.08225446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9646562,0.00284121,0.005506045,0.02305221,0.0007116286,0.0001095758,0.00004966801,0.00009627286,0.002977157],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8006147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999314,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.58359640811379,"score_gpt":0.4549871066994826,"score_spread":0.1286093014143074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}