{"id":"W2123660524","doi":"10.1163/156851801300171706","title":"What Does the World Spend on Policing?","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","topic":"Economic, Social, and Health Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Gross domestic product; Balance (ability); Product (mathematics); Economics; Official statistics; Criminal justice; Econometrics; Political science; Economic growth; Statistics; Law; Psychology; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005542131,0.0001061411,0.0004333113,0.0002213028,0.0001510264,0.00006720096,0.0004115595,0.00004926051,0.0006751653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004369538,0.00007304324,0.0001692085,0.00004914574,0.0002940187,0.0002712509,0.00004426426,0.0003122951,0.0003566321],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001765098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003160325,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005682288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004851195,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988944,0.00005592934,0.0006996486,0.000127924,0.00004571105,0.000176372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983249,0.000500712,0.0008939099,0.00008185015,0.0001546862,0.00004394995],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001218456,0.00007338578,0.1004724,0.000001384774,0.000406936,0.00000861537,0.01147089,0.00008305125,0.00000220431,0.8779287,0.009256844,0.0001737664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008760989,0.0001757906,0.2068326,0.0000325684,0.000006911566,0.00002806362,0.005399899,0.00006791695,0.00002697963,0.4402931,0.3461204,0.0001397561],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8982468,0.002614236,0.00008601963,0.0439714,0.006387011,0.00007679489,0.00001674841,0.000004738522,0.04859619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98801,0.002548345,0.00004856496,0.004813994,0.002032323,0.000003939547,0.000001924846,0.000005800908,0.00253514],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4376356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7392586,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1492878667629232,"score_gpt":0.3981904248418718,"score_spread":0.2489025580789486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}