{"id":"W2124337058","doi":"10.1017/s0954394513000070","title":"Null subjects in Old English","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Variation and Change","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Arts and Humanities Research Council","keywords":"Null (SQL); Phenomenon; Linguistics; Old English; Subject (documents); Psychology; Poetry; Literature; Philosophy; Computer science; Art; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00659324,0.000253511,0.0005855876,0.003570209,0.001750766,0.002315776,0.0005580417,0.0005385936,0.00341845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02565788,0.0003295389,0.0001302762,0.002541112,0.00784363,0.002981424,0.002624596,0.0008252921,0.0002263532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001002565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006657007,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002027919,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001771272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9942006,0.00242283,0.0008533813,0.000870475,0.001380948,0.0002718741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9536767,0.03335996,0.00501851,0.003450032,0.003691785,0.0008030788],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007608874,0.0001895463,0.2424426,0.001116737,0.00009849502,0.002532016,0.495749,0.000217018,0.02362324,0.1701679,0.002052265,0.06105032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000117071,0.0005316764,0.549015,0.0008370915,0.0002452044,0.005810351,0.1992727,0.001348717,0.02702296,0.1143612,0.1011951,0.0002428951],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9845279,0.0008068651,0.002237407,0.0002250767,0.00002012339,0.00002100727,0.0002601758,0.00002260769,0.01187897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989544,0.00008060537,0.000342065,0.0000284797,0.00001108797,0.00001049938,0.0000936312,0.00001125532,0.0004678458],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00659324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03486884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02496228817461133,"score_gpt":0.2220463364417137,"score_spread":0.1970840482671024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}