{"id":"W2124945516","doi":"10.1007/s10207-009-0080-7","title":"User interface design affects security: patterns in click-based graphical passwords","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Information Security","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Password; Computer science; Cognitive password; Human–computer interaction; Authentication (law); User interface; Graphical user interface; Point (geometry); Predictability; Computer security; Password strength; World Wide Web; One-time password; Operating system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021038,0.0003894991,0.00035866,0.000915374,0.0005137371,0.002868967,0.0005584938,0.001057884,0.005191899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06253605,0.0004277111,0.0003537196,0.001035055,0.0008322563,0.003502086,0.001067806,0.0009669564,0.001079931],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004042151,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004162462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001068563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001234831,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996834,0.001208234,0.0003416529,0.0003578156,0.000980665,0.0002776842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.937059,0.04344351,0.006381204,0.006726513,0.005411251,0.0009784549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003814429,0.001183241,0.6548365,0.000845049,0.0002154886,0.001503748,0.02280337,0.002697948,0.1160179,0.01123728,0.004002053,0.180843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000178854,0.001696774,0.9020885,0.0002613188,0.0003435739,0.003522116,0.00693153,0.02223649,0.0339614,0.02108769,0.007539214,0.0001525967],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9791865,0.0001295021,0.01379732,0.0002679349,0.00001656457,0.00008738248,0.000182274,0.0005038922,0.005828542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969115,0.00003138865,0.002198688,0.00002939,0.000002983223,0.00001482476,0.00007567166,0.0001030276,0.0006325448],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005191899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01736861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01099152372863563,"score_gpt":0.2751963090421394,"score_spread":0.2642047853135037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}