{"id":"W2124978570","doi":"10.3102/0162373707309073","title":"Early-Grade Retention and Children’s Reading and Math Learning in Elementary Years","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis","topic":"Early Childhood Education and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Grade retention; Psychology; Reading (process); Retention rate; Mathematics education; Early childhood; Intervention (counseling); Developmental psychology; Academic achievement; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00284517,0.00006946898,0.0001022664,0.0007511431,0.0003162707,0.0001014485,0.00003724804,0.00005023063,0.0001939527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003860968,0.00007890243,0.00002738783,0.0009069371,0.00008326621,0.0001870892,0.00001653498,0.00009714829,0.000005375621],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001299195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004505508,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01095705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003393594,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988192,0.0001996419,0.0002247247,0.0002115057,0.000374239,0.000170679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994901,0.0001520998,0.00009430854,0.0000531229,0.00007976087,0.0001306317],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003731328,0.00003206977,0.9102052,0.000001866361,0.00008310622,6.474436e-8,0.03605857,0.00002741686,0.00001134144,0.02755443,0.00008960489,0.02593262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001876824,0.000008122168,0.9918594,0.00000806247,0.0001088403,8.755887e-7,0.003659945,0.0001849934,0.000001955191,0.002935336,0.0009596765,0.00008507036],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9868891,0.000254304,0.00003767754,0.01075889,0.00004791789,0.0001677014,0.000001660039,0.00001172905,0.001831013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997331,0.0003919049,0.0007083379,0.0003973994,0.0002538846,0.00001123697,0.00009199524,0.000004131229,0.0008100789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08165426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9956291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02636358941870153,"score_gpt":0.382660152524002,"score_spread":0.3562965631053004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}