{"id":"W2124985016","doi":"10.1080/15475441.2011.599304","title":"Words Are Not Merely Features: Only Consistently Applied Nouns Guide 4-year-olds' Inferences About Object Categories","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Learning and Development","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Categorization; Noun; Similarity (geometry); Property (philosophy); Object (grammar); Space (punctuation); Perception; Psychology; Linguistics; Function (biology); Proper noun; Cognitive psychology; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Image (mathematics); Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001064624,0.0004907348,0.0003964871,0.0005645797,0.0002787202,0.00169902,0.0004916333,0.0006592043,0.001850455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004537531,0.0006406167,0.0002499014,0.000174193,0.001487681,0.0015525,0.001018994,0.0009106706,0.001015407],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000327868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003947938,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002842422,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007530038,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99946,0.00006868027,0.00004964436,0.0002008747,0.0001572521,0.00006348217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961228,0.001626213,0.001042019,0.000399578,0.0004323185,0.0003770068],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006229604,0.0005010284,0.1915647,0.0004456762,0.00008375146,0.001614932,0.01751069,0.0004181896,0.7312434,0.002180868,0.001269148,0.05254474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000105843,0.002394841,0.8417881,0.0002656548,0.0002552912,0.001753191,0.0129334,0.001756959,0.1143295,0.006823855,0.0173826,0.0002108308],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975882,0.0001321635,0.0005952336,0.00003171291,0.00001469915,0.000010077,0.00005501801,0.00003263155,0.001540293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918828,0.000481734,0.003585266,0.0001167296,0.000008869492,0.00004344726,0.000210943,0.00005640092,0.003613744],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002842422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006190419,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01356540319309955,"score_gpt":0.281239134255248,"score_spread":0.2676737310621484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}