{"id":"W2124992912","doi":"10.5194/acp-3-509-2003","title":"Organic acids as cloud condensation nuclei: Laboratory studies of highly soluble and insoluble species","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":200,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Ontario Innovation Trust","keywords":"Glutaric acid; Stearic acid; Cloud condensation nuclei; Chemistry; Ammonium sulfate; Oleic acid; Particle (ecology); Oxalic acid; Condensation; Dissolution; Aerosol; Particle size; Inorganic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physical chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000433795,0.0003640486,0.000201385,0.0001831845,0.0003194959,0.0002481721,0.0003463464,0.0002368122,0.0006150139],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003896275,0.000100767,0.0001885659,0.0001445606,0.0004276058,0.0002468245,0.0002330354,0.0004651188,0.0001402844],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003985714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000243804,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004085394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002912311,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997752,0.00003827761,0.00001064998,0.00006143584,0.0000682499,0.00004616751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996175,0.0001777731,0.00005671933,0.00002853053,0.0000738138,0.00004575612],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005707141,0.00002346476,0.0005117107,0.00003370333,0.00000501308,0.00001915708,0.00004704068,0.0001276583,0.9983808,0.00006991716,0.00001932619,0.0007050885],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000673829,0.0002187755,0.0009987309,0.000001760889,0.000005844694,0.00003848731,0.00001631896,0.0005860951,0.9976864,0.00001393514,0.000423695,0.000003238295],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993988,0.0008000093,0.004061396,0.0000235807,0.00001530961,0.00004283491,0.0001580425,0.00002703804,0.000883827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956034,0.0004002847,0.00313865,0.00001505732,0.0000170483,0.00002317483,0.0001952303,0.00001357284,0.000593577],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004085394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008123219,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01254196730435901,"score_gpt":0.2108774849627191,"score_spread":0.19833551765836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}