{"id":"W2125578449","doi":"10.25336/p6hw44","title":"Effects of Foreign Education on Immigrant Earnings","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Studies in Population","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University Health Network; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Immigration; Demographic economics; Business; Economics; Political science; Accounting","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001863426,0.00005009421,0.0000947199,0.0001979592,0.0001529547,0.000007227345,0.00005030714,0.00004723025,0.000007541733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004705488,0.00005173798,0.00002013168,0.0002971942,0.00004319054,0.00006837837,0.000001675677,0.00005012693,0.000003211854],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004038201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001672867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1859712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8303305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994531,0.00007157428,0.0001316512,0.00008954814,0.0001168045,0.0001373608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996808,0.00005465907,0.00006203984,0.00005475537,0.00007609531,0.00007165869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001269224,0.00006294132,0.08968735,0.0000419732,0.00001340884,0.000002995853,0.08620136,0.0003226734,0.00003768606,0.7412044,0.002924307,0.07948825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001958807,0.00007570265,0.9594234,0.0001543921,0.00001085549,1.460649e-7,0.01717515,0.0001630253,0.00002446562,0.01256721,0.01007902,0.0001307225],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860987,0.0003423752,0.000007349599,0.0007942965,0.0002668865,0.0002493771,0.000001409364,0.00001164632,0.01222798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986656,0.0001610648,0.00006006191,0.0004868016,0.00006578895,0.000008277808,0.00001117266,0.000002637911,0.0005385654],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8697361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8194495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01540232705619188,"score_gpt":0.3220966985492351,"score_spread":0.3066943714930432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}