{"id":"W2125578449","doi":"10.25336/p6hw44","title":"Effects of Foreign Education on Immigrant Earnings","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Studies in Population","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University Health Network; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Immigration; Demographic economics; Business; Economics; Political science; Accounting","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008232163,0.0002598567,0.0002535392,0.0006999819,0.001042991,0.0009977653,0.0003739284,0.000375199,0.006066029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006815948,0.00007256368,0.0005112304,0.0005830437,0.0005583522,0.0004414004,0.00135667,0.0007650312,0.0002903922],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001625448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001481878,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1946415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2327293,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991558,0.0002544476,0.00003494062,0.00005821124,0.0001685807,0.0003281242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950505,0.001518063,0.001474394,0.0001898916,0.0006853322,0.001081699],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044142,0.0002608564,0.9722001,0.00002077725,0.0001037129,0.000380829,0.0009402521,0.0005653434,0.0002408672,0.002302277,0.0005433797,0.02200017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001120128,0.0001294662,0.9954185,0.00003000139,0.0000641681,0.00007431268,0.001936094,0.000301323,0.0001724835,0.0003362792,0.001515607,0.00001048117],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896122,0.0005455132,0.00007582265,0.000481026,0.00002118809,0.000007517755,0.0001778774,0.000004677778,0.009074035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969999,0.0002253813,0.00003302129,0.00003536551,0.00001364893,0.000002126766,0.00007989541,0.000001358205,0.002609261],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8053585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3870171,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01540232705619188,"score_gpt":0.3220966985492351,"score_spread":0.3066943714930432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}