{"id":"W2126345904","doi":"10.1177/0023830909357156","title":"Cross-language Perception of Non-native Tonal Contrasts: Effects of Native Phonological and Phonetic Influences","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language and Speech","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":251,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","keywords":"Mandarin Chinese; Perception; Psychology; Tone (literature); Linguistics; First language; Second language; Phonetics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002527522,0.0001319992,0.000297652,0.0001103711,0.00005071431,0.00001709518,0.0001414014,0.0002295654,0.001044782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001828931,0.0001031212,0.00003956119,0.0001261178,0.0008390298,0.00004783734,0.00008169256,0.0004041013,0.00001176957],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000531527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001943239,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001073485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001578362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990346,0.00009843414,0.000210457,0.0002742864,0.0001462229,0.0002360008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999085,0.0004703961,0.00009797762,0.0001829261,0.00008843516,0.00007526071],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001858684,0.0001561143,0.02926872,0.00008071768,0.00008185577,0.0001059924,0.07351904,1.262723e-7,0.8622023,0.0001931769,0.00003599298,0.0341701],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001340218,0.00056765,0.8869115,0.00002572165,0.00001882619,0.00005841371,0.006403439,0.00004073685,0.1041964,0.0003073397,0.000013612,0.0001161405],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961819,0.001029391,0.00002716307,0.00003649268,0.0001920356,0.000262009,0.00003949361,0.00001192409,0.002219581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988518,0.00005997007,0.0003538462,0.00006320362,0.00006961254,0.00002044744,0.000009375307,0.000008508259,0.0005632063],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8576428,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998684,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008960396287895016,"score_gpt":0.352155793023111,"score_spread":0.3431953967352159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}