{"id":"W2126453598","doi":"10.1145/2333112.2333114","title":"Graphical passwords","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"ACM Computing Surveys","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":562,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Usability; Password; Password policy; Authentication (law); Computer security; Cognitive password; Key (lock); Human-computer interaction in information security; World Wide Web; Data science; Human–computer interaction; Information security; One-time password; Network security policy; Security service","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005723292,0.0004819762,0.00143305,0.0003335792,0.000206846,0.000375214,0.004670763,0.0003798883,0.00001567943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003015934,0.0004057848,0.0005837517,0.00124459,0.00005735988,0.0002060183,0.001728829,0.0006561417,0.0009010955],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006475779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001690266,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003547451,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009564562,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9935809,0.003592156,0.0009228475,0.000738829,0.0005098289,0.000655402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9949421,0.001425226,0.0005106057,0.002747147,0.0001113501,0.000263567],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[3.092942e-8,0.00005169969,0.00009630311,0.00180026,0.00006608915,0.00000431685,0.0008415115,2.562417e-8,1.219209e-8,0.004938004,0.0003958477,0.9918059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006178769,0.0000124164,0.0002986014,0.001611663,0.00008918697,0.00006820382,0.000001830956,0.001033448,5.640491e-8,0.0004073188,0.9959346,0.0004808839],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002613126,0.8648968,0.1315129,0.00006997224,0.002356353,0.0003441592,0.000005607111,0.0004682509,0.0003433445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002647299,0.9927401,0.003432604,0.00007383501,0.0007149266,0.00001809167,0.00007210857,0.00005736404,0.0002436573],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9955388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998768,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1136288374020574,"score_gpt":0.352738899467354,"score_spread":0.2391100620652967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}